Does Democracy Address Insecurity?

Does Democracy Address Insecurity? Democracy effectively addresses insecurity. Do you agree, why or why not? Democracy does, and does not effectively address insecurity, in some aspects it curbs it, in others it accelerates it. Consequently, this minor essay will examine avenues in which democracy addresses and fails to effectively address insecurity. It will conclude that despite the short-term pitfalls of transitioning to democracy, and the dangers of democratic governance without a strong institutional foundation with strong checks and balances, that it has the long-term potential to effectively address insecurity both within and outside a States borders. Regardless of whether established democracies provide stability, transitional democracies often create a large amount of instability, especially when converting from a more authoritarian political system, and generally experience their worst period of instability during this juncture.[1] A lack of unity and cohesion can cause greater domestic instability for a population within the short-term, aside from an increased likelihood of war with other States, during this period large scale ethnic cleansings may occur.[2] As democracies are traditionally linked with a primary ethnicity, a purge has a likelihood of occurring before a strong institutional democratic base can form, often against ethnic groups who refuse to assimilate with society, as well as individuals linked to previous political administrations. Ironically however, whilst democracy can create much greater instability for a state in the short-term, in the long-term this political system can potentially create very strong and politically stable governance for the State.[3] This can be demonstrated in the prominent military, economic and cultural role the United States plays in contemporary society today, despite engaging in the mass extermination of Native Americans only a century prior.[4] Democracies which do manage to establish themselves and overcome their shortcoming during the transition period can effectively address instability, both domestically and internationally, however there are severe limitations which can inadvertently result in greater instability also being formed if not implemented effectively. Theoretically capitalist States are very effective at addressing insecurity, domestically they can help alleviate income inequality among their poorer citizens, and internationally they help formulate economic interdependence between States.[5] Whilst bilateral trade is not always from an equal economic standing, with one side often more dependent on the other, such as in the case between China and Taiwan, when two States are of similar economic standing it can prove a great stabilising factor in preventing conflict.[6] This is evident in the lack of open conflict between the USA and China in decades.[7] As economies of this magnitude continue to intertwine, avoiding conflict and instability between them becomes increasingly in their interests. Other theoretic models, such as the Liberal Democratic Peace Theory argue further points where even greater stability can be gained under democratic governance, considering that there is a historic precedent of democratic states not going to war with one another.[8] However, there are also aspects of this theory which highlight how democracies can result in greater instability occurring internationally, as democratic states can ironically themselves create new wars in the process of spreading democracy throughout the world, trying to force it through non-peaceful means on States who are either unwilling or unprepared for such massive political change.[9] This results in a world of democratic states seeking perpetual peace through perpetual war, leaving the world itself in a constant state of instability.[10] Domestically democracies can provide other major avenues of stability for the State, one of the most prominent being the division of the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branches of government into separate branches independent from one another.[11] The establishment such a comprehensive system of checks and balances can ensure the moderation of power of appointed officials and their political parties, and ensure that they operate within the law.[12] The effectiveness of such a process can be seen in U.S President Donald Trump, with his controversial executive orders on implementing travel bans for foreign individuals being blocked by the judicial branch of government because they were found to be unconstitutional.[13] However, the greatest strength and weaknesses of democracies in addressing insecurity lies within having an inclusive political process, with a sense of inclusion encouraging non-violent solutions to political issues.[14] An example of this can be seen in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, the main nationalist group involved in the troubles in Northern Ireland in the 20th century, who ceased their armed campaign in large part because of the political concessions provided to them in the 1995 Good Friday Agreement, which allowed them a platform to continue their struggle for independence through non-violent channels.[15] Consequently, the ability of democracy to promote change in the government and political system without having to resort to any form of political violence is one of the greatest stabilising factors which democracy can provide a State, so long as an inclusive attitude is maintained. However, whilst democracies are meant to promote inclusion, in certain States a tyranny of the majority culture exists, wherein no attempt is made by the ruling party to govern all their citizens equally and achieve national unity for its supports and detractors, who may be ideologically polarised based around ethnicity, religion, language or self-identity.[16] Such exclusion from the political process can enflame tensions between various groups within a State and result in these excluded groups emigrating, resulting in a depleted workforce, or in more extreme cases, developing a complete disenfranchisement with the political system, taking up arms against the State and plunging it into further instability.[17] Henceforth democracy possesses the potential to create stability within a States borders so long as strong institutional foundations are in place with comprehensive checks and balances and a healthy electoral system which promotes inclusion over alienation.   However, it is often not effective at addressing insecurity within other States borders when trying to spread its political model to states either unwilling or unprepared for political change through violent means. In States, which are transitioning to democracy, even if done so via peaceful means, short-term instability will likely occur within the State, however if they endure the process the potential long-term stability which the State can gain can prove timeless.

Everyday Use Analysis Essay

â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short story by â€Å"Alice Walker†, it is a disdainful short story. A story about two sisters and a mom, that the two girls are totally different. Also teaching to stand up for what you want. This story is about a mom and a girl called Maggie that they live alone because the older sibling moved out. In the story Maggie and the mother have not seen how much Dee has changed in over six years. Dee in the short story sees that her sister Maggie and her mother have not change throughout these six years not a bit. In the story Dee and Maggie are examples of foil characters. Maggie is the very shy and polite one out of her and Dee. Maggie was the character that lived with mama, during the story it says that Maggie was burned in a house fire. This character is a character that would just blend into the background because of how shy she was, she wouldn’t talk to much; so she would rather just blend in with the surroundings. Maggie was a foil character because her and mama didn’t change nothing throughout the six years that passed, while Dee did change a lot; throughout those six years. Maggie is a good hearted kid, she would rather let Dee have the quilts that were promised to her, instead of fighting over them. Dee is sisters with Maggie in this story, she is the character who is very impolite, or that does things her way. Dee is the only educated character; it says in the short story that she left so that she could be educated. Dee is noticed as a character that does whatever she wants, and have it go her way. One example is that, Dee wears a brightly colored, yellow-and-orange, ankle-length dress that is inappropriate for the warm weather. This shows that she would wear anything she wants even if its inappropriate in any way. In the story mama wouldn’t let Dee have the quilts, and she became furious. This another example that she is very stubborn, because in the end she keeps the quilts. In this story i learned that being generous and polite will get you farther in life, but if you’re stubborn, and impolite you won’t get as far in life.

Learning from Your Life Story

MGMT 614 Short Writing Assignment #1 Learning From Your Life Story Aashima Mutneja Gamma 5 Date of Submission: 22nd Jan, 2013 A. Think back over all of the leadership experiences in your lifetime. Choose the leadership experience of which you are the proudest. In this exercise, put yourself back in that time and describe it as if it were happening to you right now. Describe your proudest leadership experience, starting with the specific events. Consider the following questions in your description: What happened? What was the history or climate of the organization/group you were in?What triggered the experience? What caused you to step up and lead? What was the outcome? What changed in the people in the organization as a result? How did you feel†¦ Before stepping up to lead? When you first stepped up to lead? When facing the challenges of the situation? After the results were in? (Do not limit yourself on space for this section. ) Proudest Leadership Experience I graduated from t he University of Mumbai in 2009 with a lucrative job offer as a financial trainee for one of the leading financial software companies in India.Additionally, I was fortunate that few of my close friends were going to join the firm along with me. However, few weeks before our official start we were notified of an indefinite deferment in our joining date. Most of us were finance enthusiasts and were disheartened at this development. We faced a series of disappointments as we tried to find a financial position at the peak of the financial crisis with no prior finance experience or education. Most of us eventually joined jobs related to our major in industrial engineering. However not being able to switch to finance added a lot of dissatisfaction in our current roles.My key strength, as pointed to me by the MBA program is restorative which means to have an innate knack of solving problems quickly and efficiently. I couldn’t agree more with this analysis and true to my nature I qui ckly started gathering and analyzing information related to careers in finance. I reached out to industry professionals and understood that the most desired qualification for finance professionals was a CFA charter. This answered my question on how to break into the field of finance. A CFA certification required passing three extremely difficult examinations, which meant grueling late night studying.I understood that the process would be highly stressful and hence decided to form a study group to ensure that there was a level of discipline, focus and support as we decided to endure this demanding journey. My next challenge was to convince people to get on board. My first choice was to approach my finance oriented friends. As expected, most of them were uncertain about the time and commitment required for this examination. The plan was to finish each level within six months as opposed to 12 months suggested by the program.I understood their apprehensions and tried to address all thei r questions and concerns patiently. To convince them to agree to give the CFA, I knew I would have to show them the benefits of holding a CFA charter. So I arranged a meeting with one of the CFA charter holders who got us excited about CFA and we started our journey towards a charter. My next challenge was to bring discipline and a routine to our studies. Exhausted after long hours of work, I kept the enthusiasm high by reminding them about the final result or simply by taking more frequent coffee breaks.Even though we finally established a routine, the frustration of studying and working together was taking a toll on all of us. Compromising on time with family and friends, missing out on our favorite activities including watching our favorite games, made us question if it was even worth it. At that time the only question I asked to myself was if not finance than what? I couldn’t imagine myself doing anything else, I was confident that this was the career option that best fit my interests and skills. I felt that my nner drive and perseverance was an inspiration to my friends and we fed of each other’s energy to carry forward. After twelve months of extreme hard work, we cleared two levels of the CFA examination as planned and the final third level twelve months after that. Fortunately, after completing two level of CFA all of us were able to secure a respectable job within the financial services space. I did not receive an award for it and maybe it did not make a difference to anyone else’s life. However I had the determination and focus to make a difference to my life.I could lead change within me and those around me. It has been one of the most difficult and challenging phase of my life but I have also felt the most driven and alive in those moments of struggle. This was my first real experience with leading others and me towards a goal. B. What things did you just learn about your leadership as you told that story? 1. Accountability 2. Patience 3. Self-discipline C. What leadership qualities did you bring to that leadership experience? 1. Determination 2. Patience 3. Focus 4. Initiative 5. Passion D.How did those qualities contribute to the outcome? Link an outcome to each of the qualities you listed above. Leadership Quality| Its Effect on the Outcome| 1. Determination| It helped me to stay focused on the goal during difficult times| 2. Patience| It helped me to adjust with different personalities and try to understand their perspective while trying to achieve an outcome in a team setting. | 3. Focus| It helped me rise above a disheartening situation and start developing the action plan to achieve my goal. | 4. Initiative| It helped me take actions to change he current state of affairs for the better and encourage guide other people to do the same. | 5. Passion| It helped me be determined and focused during difficult times and also made the entire process enjoyable and the final outcome worth the effort. | E. Now , be your own mentor. Turn back to the story again and look at it from the perspective of what you know now. If you were mentoring yourself at that time, what advice would you give? Mentoring Advice In retrospect, I would advise myself to be more composed as I work towards my goals.I was focused and determined but compromised on my lifestyle, which I feel would not be sustainable in the long run. Having spent twelve months under constant stress and pressure made me lose sight of the bigger picture and made me a more paranoid person in general. I heard time and again during those trying times to â€Å"take it easy† as it was not the end of the world, while I would advise myself to stress myself too much, I would not like to have a â€Å"take it easy† attitude. I struggle to find the right balance of working and relaxation; a key component of a happy and successful life.

Analysis Of As I Lay Dying - 1497 Words

As I Lay Dying, is a novel about the death of Addie Bundren and the events that follow to her burial. The story is told through fifteen different perspectives over the course of fifty-nine narrative chapters. William Faulkner gives the reader insight into what each character is thinking and their reactions to the events taking place. Each member of the Bundren family holds their own secrets that they keep from one another. These secrets eventually distance each member from one another over the duration of the novel. As I lay Dying can at times be confusing to the read due to the language Faulkner uses, the multiple view points of the same event, and the unique personalities of each character. Motifs and themes in a novel are very†¦show more content†¦Addie confesses, â€Å"†¦my aloneness had to be violated over and over each day, but that it had never been violated until Cash came.† (Faulkner, 99) When Addie had Cash she had to take on the new and challenging responsibilities of being a mother. She was losing her freedom to be who she wanted to be and do what she wanted to do because now she is responsible for another human. Faulkner uses the characters to better portray each character on a deeper level. Without the stream of consciousness, this novel would be very hard to understand. The reader can better relate with the characters with their thoughts. The thoughts of some characters show their intelligence. Vardaman is the youngest of the Bundren family. Vardaman is about six-years-old and his ability to speak is very limited however his ability to express his thoughts through the written word displays his intelligence. Vardaman proclaims â€Å"He kilt her. He kilt her.† (Faulkner, 32) A display of the way he interacts with the people around him. However, Vardaman’s next thought is very intelligent: â€Å"The life in him runs under the skin, under my hand, running though the splotches, smelling up into my nose where the sickness is beginning to cry, vomiting the crying, and then I can breathe, vomiting it.† (Faulkner 32) If the reader was just exposed to Vardaman’s spoken word they would see a regular six-year-old boy, but when the readerShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 1528 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst-person, second-person, and third-person point of views. Either of the foregoing points of views have different effect on the understanding and believability of the characters or the story being told, as is evident from O Pioneers! and As I Lay Dying novels. As I lay dying is a narrative by William Faulkner who uses multiple narrators and different techniques to convey a message from different points of view. Through the narratives of the fifteen different characters in the novel, it is important to understandRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 1682 Words   |  7 PagesProfession of Poverty As Robert Kennedy once said, â€Å"I believe that, as long as there is plenty, poverty is evil† (Kennedy). Money and wealth contribute to the image a person presents. In a world based on standards such as those, the wealthy will seem to be superior to the poor and that almost never ends in a positive way. William Faulkner, author of As I Lay Dying, was aware of the effects of poverty and took the opportunity to use his characters to depict poverty s effects. The novel takes placeRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 1204 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Huston Kelly Hoffer Interpretation of Literature October 19th, 2015 Dewey Dell’s Uncontrollable Fate In William Faulkner’s novel, As I Lay Dying, the reader is encouraged to sympathize with Dewey Dell on account of her quickly waning life. We are given multiple circumstances in the book where Dewey Dell’s life is noticeably described in a negative way, not as a person, but rather how bad of a situation she is in. She is an impregnated seventeen-year-old girl who is unable to find proper treatmentRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying1599 Words   |  7 Pages by William Faulkner, As I lay Dying, the Bundren family suffers the loss of Addie Bundren a beloved wife and mother. In honoring Addie’s last wish, the Bundrens make the trip to Jefferson to bury her with her relatives. During the trip every thing that could go wrong does. This story is told from plentiful points of view and reveals the completely unstable psychological state of the Bundren family. Through a psychoanalytical approach of William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying, readers will see that FaulknerR ead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 1086 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s novel As I Lay Dying follows the Bundren family on their trek along the countryside to bury Addie, the matriarch of the family. Through Faulkner’s usage of internal monologue, each character reveals a different aspect of their personality. One of the most noticeably erratic viewpoints in the novel is that of the youngest Bundren, Vardaman, whose stream-of-consciousness is so volatile that it raises debates on whether or not he is suffering from psychological illnesses. Some argueRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Silence As I Lay Dying, is a novel written by William Cuthbert Faulkner, where a poor southern family named the Burdens set off on a journey through 1920’s Mississippi to bury their recently deceased mother Addie Bundren. Before, Addie Bundren passes away she makes her husband Anse promise to bury her in her hometown of Jefferson, Mississippi. This is a large task as the Burden family is located in Yoknapatawhpha County, Mississippi and they must make the rough journey to give theirRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 944 Words   |  4 PagesFaulkner’s Description of Dewey Dell in As I Lay Dying William Faulkner’s phrasing, point of view, and grammar in his polyphonic novel, As I Lay Dying, strategically employs the miserably pessimistic yet juvenile voice of Dewey Dell to characterize her as the novel’s naà ¯ve victim. The only surviving female in the Bundren family, Faulkner presents the hardships that Dewey Dell must endure. In addition, as an uneducated gi rl with no guidance, Dewey Dell experiences an uncertainty in many issues thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Faulkner s As I Lay Dying 1441 Words   |  6 Pages In As I Lay Dying, with his unique and modern writing style, Faulkner and portrays the Bundrens’ struggle to deal with a death in the family. He shows how this dysfunctional family, caged in by societal norms and their individual emotional battle, ultimately falls into an abyss of unending hopelessness and despair. Throughout the Bundrens’ journey, Faulkner uses common archetypes in order to challenge his readers’ and society’s ingrained perceptions of families and suffering and to demonstrate howRead MoreAnalysis Of William Faulkners As I Lay Dying1840 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"If you cannot find peace within yourself, you will never find it anywhere else.† The psychology of humans can be expressed in two groups, stable or not. These two groups can be applied to a psychoanalytical approach of William Faulkner’s, As I lay Dying. In this story, the Bundren family suffers the loss of Addie Bundren a loved wife and mother. Anse and the rest of the family, honoring her last wish, make the trip to Jefferson to bury her with her relatives. During the trip every thing that couldRead MoreAnalysis Of William Faulkner s I Lay Dying 1486 Words   |  6 PagesOn the back of my edition of As I Lay Dying there is a quote from William Faulkner on the subject of his novel. The quote says: I set out deliberately to write a tour-de-force. Before I even put pen to paper and set down the first word I knew what the last word would be and almost where the last period would fall. The end result is a work of precision and care. Each word has been carefully chosen and carefully ordered to create his â€Å"tour-de-force†. This can be both a comfort and a frustration to

Essay on Catcher In The Rye - A Sequel - 465 Words

Catcher In The Rye - A Sequel Loomis Chaffee Chapter 1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another day another school...I thought about this new school they placed me in. They said I will like it. Well Ill be the one to decide that. Next thing I know Im on a 6:30 train to Windsor, CT. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It was a Thursday and I received a call from Mr.Spencer, well it wasnt really for me but for my parents. I immediately new who it was, you can just hear its a school teacher. One can just hear that over the phone. After the phone hangs up I hear a yell, â€Å"Holden, front and center!† Then we go throughout that whole, we had a discussion with, and all that crap. Then I received the news, after speaking to Mr.Spencer we have decided†¦show more content†¦Well Mr.Spencer teaches at a prep school and. I didnt let them finish the sentence. â€Å"NO!† I exclaimed. I refuse to go to one of those prep schools, all of the little kids are phonies. But then as abruptly as that little conversation started, it ended. They said, â€Å"You are going come Saturday and you cant do a thing about it.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;So then they say, â€Å"We will get you a train ticket for the earliest train out of Central Station.† I stormed out, knowing that I was defenseless against them I went straight into my room and packed, thinking of ways to get back at them. I thought then I realized that I shouldnt even bother wasting my time, I knew that it would be a small time before I would be kicked out anyhow. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bags outside the door at 5:00 A.M. So your father can put them on the car. A couple days went by, as boring as any other days. I mostly sat around on my bed thinking about those phony people I will be stuck with. Hopefully I can be stuck with a roommate who resembles good ol Jane Gallagher. But not those dumb preps like at Pencey and Elkton Hills. I cant stand those people, they try to be people which they are clearly not, that just makes me so...MAD. Huuuuaaaaaaa I just gotta sit down, all of this new school, Connecticut business is getting to me. I mean where is Connecticut, I never was really good at geography, now it catches up with you. Now is one of those times which I really could use someoneShow MoreRelatedD. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1872 Words   |  8 Pages D. Salinger s novel is often called, . . . the forbidden fruit in the garden of literature (The Catcher 116). J. D. Salinger is a writer from the 1950s, a time where literature has questioned the ideas of traditions placed in a community. Through his life and through his characters Holden Caulfield and Phoebe Caulfield in the 1950s realistic fictional bildungsroman The Catcher in the Rye, the postmodernist author J. D. Salinger focuses on the theme of self isolation in society in order toRead MoreSimilarities Between Salinger And Harper Lee s The Rye 1987 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary world, is for writers to â€Å"write what they know†. In many c ases this rings to be true, perhaps the writers will set their story in a place they once lived, base a character on someone they once knew. It’s quite evident that in the novels Catcher in the Rye and To Kill a Mockingbird there are striking similarities between these novels and their respective authors’ own lives. It could be said, that these authors simply used their own experiences as inspiration to their novels. However, when takenRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye is a popular novel written by J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, the book was originally written for adults, but it is now remembered and adored by people from all parts of the world and people from all walks of life – especially by teenagers – a likely effect that was only inevitable considering the center stage of the narrator the great crumby flake Holden Caulfield, to use his style of speaking, who accurately portrayed te enage angst and loneliness in a style that many youngstersRead MoreEssay on The Need for Brutality in A Clockwork Orange 4668 Words   |  19 Pagespublished A Clockwork Orange, it contained a twenty-first chapter which showed Alex jaded with ultraviolence and ready to settle down (Burgess, A Clockwork Orange 207-219). In the tradition of rites of passage novels such as Huck Finn and Catcher in the Rye, he emerges from various trials with the cold, cruel adult world with a new-found threshold for love (Connelly 42). Alex develops a penchant for maudlin pop songs, a sharp contrast to the dynamic symphonies he once adored (Burgess, Orange 212)Read MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesa specific author, tended to dominate childrens literature until the end of the Victorian period. The most popular literary fairy tale of the Victorian period was Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865), which was followed by its sequel Through the Looking Glass (1872); both were illustrated by John Tenniel. Carrolls imaginative novels are often credited with changing the emphasis of childrens literature from instruction to delight. When compared with the majority of the childrens

Banned Books - 1233 Words

Banned Books 3 Where Have All the Books Gone? Books are dangerous. They make you thinkÂ…feelÂ…wonderÂ…. They make you ask questions (Weiss p.2). At the present time, at least seventy-five books are being banned. This is hurting our culture more than it is helping. This has to be stopped; books cannot be taken off of the shelves at the rate that they are today. The books that are being taken off of the shelves are, for the most part, considered classics. The act of book banning puts limitations on what authors can say, and what readers can read (Dorshemer p.1). The banning of books in America is a violation of our first amendment rights. Amendment 1 of the United States Constitution states as follows: Congress shall make no law†¦show more content†¦The firemen in this book are responsible for burning huge quantities of books. This act brainwashes the population because people lose the power to think for themselves. This book is banned in many places for portraying such a world. In reality, if something isnt done quickly, this place could be America. I could not imagine having limitations put on what I want to read just because of what it says (Weiss p.3) Since The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was first published in January 1885, it has always been in trouble. It is considered the one book from which all modern American literature came, but was condemned in Mark Twains time as coarse and vulgar, so it was banned from the shelves. Still controversial today, many school districts across the country have banned it from their curriculum for being racist. Unsurprisingly, this is nearly always at the insistence of those who have never even read the book. It is also no surprise that so many students have read it just to see what those guardians of their morals have found so offensive (Edwards p.2). One librarian at a conference on childrens literature in Virginia this summer speculated asShow MoreRelatedBanned Books On The American School System1824 Words   |  8 PagesBanned Books in the American School System Literary works are the foundation for education and are crucial for multiple reasons, some of which include that literature obtains a large variety of information that is at times not accessible to students by computers and teachers alone. Another advantage is adults and children alike improve their understanding and knowledge of certain topics whilst improving their intelligence of the language itself. Banning literary pieces of work is unjustifiable andRead More Banned Books Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesBanned Books The problems with banned books has been a controversial issue between parents as well as adults. The concerns that parents have are with the fact that these certain books are to be banned to keep their kids from being exposed to some of the ways of the world. Some of the concerns that these parents have are with usage of some derrogatory words or lanuguage not preferrred by some parents. The things that parents fail to realize is that by law, a librarian has the responsibilityRead MoreBanning Books Should Not Be Banned Books1558 Words   |  7 Pages On the topic of banning books, many parents worry about the wellbeing of their kin when placed and introduced into dangerous topics. Often fearing their child is unable to handle the true reality of life s many undesirable events. Parents will go as far as banning a book about a little yellow bear and his friends living in the woods. As many of us go through hardships it s just a â€Å"roadblock we have to drive or swerv e on the road,† to development. Through the strife of concerned parents, manyRead MoreShould Banning Books Be Banned?1745 Words   |  7 Pages In American School System books are often banned with the best intentions—to protect others, frequently children from difficult ideas and information. When a book is banned it is removed from a school library making the book non-accessible to students. In many cases books are banned because they contain controversial ideas that adults want to censor from children’s lives. In John Green’s Looking For Alaska controversial topics such as sex, drugs, alcohol, vulgar language, and rule breaking areRead MoreEssay on Censorship and Banned Books1191 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship and Banned Books Books are dangerous. They make you thinkÂ…feelÂ…wonderÂ…. They make you ask questions (Weiss p.2). At the present time, at least seventy-five books are being banned. This is hurting our culture more than it is helping. This has to be stopped; books cannot be taken off of the shelves at the rate that they are today. The books that are being taken off of the shelves are, for the most part, considered classics. The act of book banning puts limitations on what authorsRead MoreWhat are Banned Books? Fahrenheit 451 Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesMany books have been questioned and challenged. Even as far as to banning them. But what exactly is a banned book and why are they banned? A banned book is a book that has been censored by an authority, a government body, a library, or a even school system. A book that has been banned is actually removed from a library or school system. The actual contextual reasons as to banning them is use of explicit violence, gore, sexuality, explicit language, religion, or dark times in history. On the non-contextualRead MoreIts Time to STOP Banning Books Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagesto make it easier for people to talk about sex in a more mature manner. Banning books that contain sexual content, vulgarity, and violence give children and young adults a reason to snicker about these topics when discussed in class because we are taught that these topics are not appropriate to talk about publicly. There are many factors that play a major role in how an individual perceives certain topics in books. If taught at an earlier age that these topics are suitable for mature discussionRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Books976 Words   |  4 PagesThe books that are banned are the ones that define our past. Book censorship is when the government or a school bans a book because of its depiction to the reader. Book banning is becoming more prevalent as the years have gone by because there are more parents that want to protect their children. Book banning is an extremely important topic because it is shielding young people’s knowledge of what the world truly is. This is a problem because when kids are finally on their own they might not be readyRead MoreThe Banning of Texts Such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pageseven banning things that will threaten their power. These things are banned or challenged due to the fact that these figures do not approve of their content. One of the most common things banned and or challenged is that of written text. One such text is, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It has been banned in Concord, Massachusetts on the basis of â€Å"it being more suited to the slums than to intelligent respectable people† (Banned 1) and the overall vulgarity of the text. Because of vulgarity and seeminglyRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship In Libraries728 Words   |  3 Pageschallenges a book that is explicit with sexual language, homosexuality, and or religion. The meaning of censorship is to ban a book, its not necessarily up to the library, but more so to the community and the school board. Anyone can challenge a book to be censored, even if it’s not explicit, if you personally take offense to a book you can challenge it to be a censored or banned book, but with that you have to have a valid reason on why you want it banned or censored. There are thousands of books that

Case Study and Lecture Notes for Intended Market Entry to Singapore

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Intended Market Entry to Singapore. Answer: Introduction This paper shall focus on product or service launch decisions. This paper shall particularly focus on determining segmentation, targeting and marketing mix strategy for introducing Ola Cabs in Singapore. Purpose The purpose of this report is to develop strategy for launching product or service in a foreign country market. International marketing strategy is critical as it would help the company in competing in the regional as well as global arena. The paper aims to investigate the optimal product strategy. It shall also describe the variables that would affect the timing and sequence of entry in the market. Limitations A few limitations were faced while preparing this report. It has a limited scope. It provides suggestions, not solutions. It uses a fragmented approach. The suggestions can be resistant to marketing managers. It was lengthy and time-consuming to research data and present it in a succinct form. The report could have been made better by conducting an in-depth analysis for stating the competitive analysis. Scope The scope of this paper is to research the market segment and transform market challenges into new opportunities. The report shall also provide guidelines for international marketing managers looking to launch products or services in the global market. This paper shall assist the management practitioners to be counterproductive in product launch decision making. Background As discussed in the previous report, Ola Cabs needs to be launched in Singapore for meeting the demands or shortage faced in the economy. Ola Cabs or Ola was founded in the year 2010 in Mumbai, India. With the initial success in Mumbai and the national roll out, Ola is ready for global expansion. Ola offers a wide array of cab services ranging from economical to luxurious commutation based on booking through a mobile app. Ola provides benefits to the commuters as it is hassle-free travelling, cash and cashless payment options. Singapore has experienced a shift in trend towards convenient commutation with the increased smartphone usage. Singapore is chosen after conducting a thorough review and concluding that the country faces taxi-shortage. Environmental Analysis According to the previous report, politically, taxi-booking apps experience tighter control and stringent regulations. The LTA planned to regulate third-party taxi booking apps for only using licensed vehicles and drivers. The policies further state that the companies without a registration certificate are liable to pay a penalty of S$10,000. Alternatively, the person may face imprisonment of up to six months, or both (Tegos 2015). Economically, the country has a low unemployment rate, growing GDP and strong development. The Singapore government has avoided setting a minimum-wage system. Singapore enjoys the lower unemployment rate of 1.9% in comparison with other developed countries (Feng 2015). Socio-culturally, the commuters are favouring the third-party taxi booking apps. Other features such as safety, reduced hassles, easy payment options and reduced waiting time adds to positive social trends. The trends and preference in public transportation are increasing rapidly. Technologically, the digital payment gateways, GPS-enabled locations help the commuters and drivers to opt for third-party taxi booking apps. The smartphones are GPS-enabled allowing the users to request and book a taxi. Technology transforms the taxi industry as the mobile apps are beneficial for both the taxi drivers and commuters. Legally, Third-Party Taxi Booking Service Providers Act 2015 plays a critical role as it pressurizes the taxi associations and drivers. The drivers are penalized with money or imprisonment if they violate Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations. The third-party taxi providers offer both taxi and non-taxi booking services that make it compulsory for them to register under the Act. Naturally, the government aims to maintain air quality standards in Singapore as the climate change is making the society vulnerable. The National Environment Agency makes efforts to create awareness among the public. The climate change in Singapore can cause sea-level rise, periods of drought and flash floods, risk the biodiversity and greenery, increase endemic diseases, and vulnerable affect food security. Target Market and Competitive Analysis Target Market Analysis The market can be segmented as follows: Demographic Segmentation- The market can be segmented into different age groups such as 16-21, 22-35, 36-50 and 50 and above. The Singaporean market can be segmented into low-level, middle and upper-level income. The third-party taxi booking apps can be segmented for both men and women as gender segmentation. Lastly, the market can be segmented for people qualified high school, graduate, post-graduate and doctorate (Wong, Szeto Wong 2014, pp. 73-81). Geographical Segmentation- Singapore is a developed country; the geographic regions shall be divided into semi-urban and urban regions. The geographical locations can also be divided as densely populated regions such as corporate areas, airport, or residential areas (Wedel and Kamakura 2012, p 4). Behavioural Segmentation- The behavioural segmentation can be defined on the basis of benefits sought, usage rate, and readiness to avail service, brand loyalty and occasions to purchase. The taxi services can be availed regularly, and the benefits sought may be in relation to payments, convenience and reduced waiting time (Aarhaug Skollerud 2014, p 279). Psychographic Segmentation- The psychographic segmentation can be measured on the basis of lifestyle, values, opinions and attitudes. Ola Cabs services can also be treated as a symbol of status- lower class, middle class and upper class. The attitudes of the people can be equated to that of choosing comfort and luxury (Hakam, Wee Yang 2015, p 145). Based on the above criteria, the differentiated targeting strategy can be pursued. A combination of various market variables can be chosen to target a relevant target segment. Demographically, the target market can be chosen for the people belonging to the age group 22-35. The people belonging to this age group are usually office goers. Mainly, women are targeted for introducing service in Singapore. The middle level income are targeted a Singapore has large population of middle class. The middle class is also ASEANs biggest economy (Ting 2016, para 8). The education level is selected as at least a high school graduate. Ola Cabs is an online booking app that requires basic knowledge for running and operating the mobile application. Geographically, the target regions are selected as the densely populated areas. The busiest areas in Singapore such as corporate areas, residential and airport shall be targeted. The dense population is present in these areas due to which there is high demand in the urban regions (Wedel Kamakura 2012, p 4). Based on behavioural segmentation, the target market is chosen for the people who are looking forward to seek benefits from the third-party taxi booking apps. Not only shall the service be beneficial to customers, but also the taxi drivers. The commuters shall enjoy convenient travelling and hassle-free payments, the drivers shall enjoy a larger pool of customers. The Singaporeans are facing shortage of cabs, and the problem of commutation can be solved with more number of taxis available in the peak hours or heavy downpour (Reed 2015, para 4). Based on psychographic segmentation, the lifestyle of the consumers can be defined. The people availing third party taxi booking apps are the people living a convenient or luxurious lifestyle. It is inferred that online cab booking services are for the people who do not wish to struggle for regular commutation (Cross, Belich Rudelius 2014, pp. 531-536). Since more than two distinct market segments, differentiated marketing can be followed in which attempts shall be made to appeal multiple market segments. Differentiated marketing strategy shall be used as the market conditions are same for every taxi company. There is a need to design products with special characteristics for achieving competitive advantage within the market. Ola Cabs can create different marketing campaigns targeting the above mentioned market segments. The marketing campaign can be designed for the benefits sought, convenient lifestyle, reduced waiting time for office goers and safety for women. The demand for taxis is mainly arising from the above mentioned segments (Toften Hammervoll 2013, pp. 272-285). Every taxi service aims to provide reliable, safe and timely commutation. The positioning statement for Ola can be to provide economical, safe and quick transportation for providing comfort to the commuters (Parkinson, Baker Moller 2016, p 237). Figure 1: Positioning Map Source: Created by Author Competitive Analysis Ola faces competition from both direct and indirect competition. The direct competitors are the most popular taxi services in Singapore are Uber and GrabTaxi (Wei 2015, para 1). The indirect competitors are the other transportation networks such as buses, private cars, conventional taxis and trains. About Uber and GrabTaxi The first Asian country to welcome Uber was Singapore. Additionally, Singapore is the first place to experiment with cash payments (Newsroom.uber.com 2016, para 1). Also, it allows payment via credit card. Uber launches new features according to the changing demand trends. The company engages with driver-partners for understanding the consumers and improving services (Newsroom.uber.com 2016, para 6). GrabTaxi or Grab is one of the most popular cab services in Singapore. Grab offers cashless payment offers making travelling easier. Grab is continually optimizing its features and putting it to the best use of users. Grab provides efficient customer service assuring speed, safety and certainty (Tung 2015, para 5). It also provides limousine vehicles for targeting luxurious customer base (Auyong 2014, para 9). Product Features Uber drivers use GPS that is considered better than the Singaporeans (Reed 2015, para 6). The cab is easy to get at busy and peak time and during rains in comparison with other cab services (Reed 2015, para 8). Uber offers a range of cars with different prices from low cost to premium such as UberX, UberXL, UberEXEC, EXECLARGE, and UberTaxi (Uber.com 2016, para 2). GrabTaxi offers a Flash feature which breaks the boundaries between private cars and taxis. The feature helps in getting a ride quicker thereby opening up a large pool of drivers. It offers an intense competition to the private cars and taxis (Waal-Montgomery 2015, para 1). Various car options are provided for economical and luxurious travelling such as Economy, Premium, 6-seater Economy, 6-seater Premium and 13-seater cars (Grab.com 2016). Price There is a pricing war between GrabCar and UberBLACK as both the cars cover limousine fleets. In Singapore, the charges for S$38 flat rate for trips with a distance below 4kms and the price above S$50 is treated as flat (Hong 2014, para 24). However, UberBLACK charges a minimum fare of S$12 and the price increases according to distance and surge pricing (Hong 2014, para 24). Going by the consumers behaviour, GrabCar appears to be cheaper in longer journeys and off-peak hours. However, Uber claims that it is cheaper than its competitors considering the distance covered (Hong 2014). Promotion Both Uber and GrabTaxi use social media and direct mails to promote and advertise their brands. Both use different promotional offers for free rides and discounts to attract the customers. The coupon codes are available at multiple websites that helps in attracting a large consumer segment (Twitter.com 2016). Porters Five Forces Model For understanding the growth and attractiveness in the transport industry, the Porters five forces analysis can be considered at the macro-level. Five Forces Analysis High/ Low/ Moderate Analysis Threat of New Entrants Moderate The capital required for starting up the business is low. For booking an online taxi service, the customers do not require any membership. The app can be used for free due to which switching cost for customers is low. The low switching cost for consumers make it easy for the new entrants to enter the market. However, the government regulations act as barrier in the industry. Also, it is difficult to find experienced and skilled drivers (Beiker 2015, pp. 139-151). Threat of Substitutes High The increasing petrol prices may influence the commuters to travel through other cheaper transportation such as trains and buses. Other than public transportation, the private cars or car-sharing companies are a threat for taxi services. The traditional taxi services other than the third-party booking apps are also a threat. The cheap price and easy availability of other transportation modes could be risky for Ola (Cohen Kietzmann 2014, pp. 279-296). Bargaining Power of Buyers Low The switching cost of customer is low as there are other modes of transport available. The business model and operations set new expectations for the customers. With greater access to substitute products and convenience, it is easier for the customers to switch to other companies. As the prices are fixed, the buyers do not hold much power in bargaining. The customers are likely to be price sensitive due to which they would choose whatever falls cheaper or convenient to them (Magretta 2012, p 42). Bargaining Power of Suppliers High The main suppliers of Ola are car dealers, fuel and skilled drivers. Ola does not own any vehicles. The business model is dependent on the partners as they would outsource labour and assets to individuals who are willing to use their web application. Car dealers have low bargaining power as there is a large pool of dealers available offering high end model at low prices. The fuel suppliers have moderate bargaining power as prices are regulated by the government (Haufler 2013, p 7). Intensity of Rivalry High GrabTaxi and Uber have established a high market share in the Singaporean market. Currently, price is not a differentiating factor in competition as the people are more inclined towards timely service, comfort and luxury. With the low entry and exit costs, the companies do not have to own the fleet of cars. Other indirect competitors are the substitute rivalries such as buses, trains and traditional taxis (Harding, Kandlikar Gulati 2016, pp. 15-25). Target Market Entry Strategy The products and services of Ola in Singapore shall not be different from that of India. Singapore is economically stable that makes it easier for the organizations to enter. As both the countries are Asian, the cultural elements are similar. Scale Ola can make strategic commitments that would have a long-term impact and presence in the market. The strategy for large scale shall be adopted. Significant amount of resources shall be required for finance, personnel and marketing. It would be easier to attract customers with large scale entry as marketing would enable a wide reach. It would also challenge the existing or potential rivalries from entering into the market. The entry mode shall change the nature of competition in the market as it would enable in gaining a greater market share. A small-scale may limit the reach because of which large scale entry can be adopted (Samaha, Beck Palmatier 2014, pp. 78-98). Mode Licensing can be followed as an arrangement between Ola and Singaporean government to run its operations (Laufs Schwens 2014, p 1110). Ola requires a huge number of cars requiring significant investment. It is a flexible work agreement that can be turned in favour of both Ola and the car companies. This strategy can help in obtaining extra income and reaching new markets that would not be possible using other modes. The investment in this strategy is low and Ola can quickly expand without much risk or investment. Ola has limited operations in its home country, therefore licensing is highly attractive option as it is new in international business. The political risk shall also be minimized as the license would be locally owned. Valuable spin off is also possible as there is no danger of nationalisation. The patents are protected and local supplier can secure government contracts (Turnbull Valla 2013, p 293). Timing Ola shall be a late entrant in the Singaporean market as other cab services such as GrabTaxi and Uber exist. Being a subsequent entrant, Ola shall enter with improved products and services. A larger market share can be captured by rectifying the mistakes committed by the earlier entrants. Ola shall require adequate resources and superior marketing techniques for competing. The Research and Development cost shall be low as the operations are already running in India. The company shall focus on making superior product packages and dominate packages. There is less risk involved with a greater chance of return on investment. The unoccupied niche can be captured by Ola. The concept of third party booking apps is known to people; therefore less cost shall be involved in educating (Szulanski, Ringov Jensen 2016, pp. 304-322). The sprinkler strategy or sprinkler diffusion strategy can be used for successful implementation as a high standard of marketing strategies has to be used. This strategy shall help in simultaneous marketing activities targeting different market segments. The strategy shall make full use of competitive advantage and rapid development. Uber and GrabTaxi have acquired a high position in Singapore for which Ola needs to conduct extensive marketing activities (Bhalla 2013, pp. 138-165). Recommendations Product Strategy In India, Ola provides a wide range of product packages for different customer segments. Based on the target market for Singapore, Ola can offer different cars such as Ola Micro, Ola Mini and Ola Prime (Olacabs Technologies 2016). The car would be suitable for one person, two people or more than two people. The product mix strategy can be divided into three levels that would help the product in defining in a better manner. The three levels are: Core product, actual product and augmented product (Oliver 2014, p 41). The core product is related to the benefits and usage. Ola cabs shall resolve the issue of shortage of cabs in Singapore. The benefits offered by the taxi service such as easy payment, reduced waiting time and hassle-free commutation that are sufficient reasons for the Singaporeans to purchase the product (Reed 2015, para 4). The actual product is represented by the quality, branding and style of the products that helps in differentiating it from other competitive brands. Ola can differentiate by adding Ridesharing feature in its mobile app in Singapore. The consumers would be attracted towards the brand as it would prove economical to them (Mohammed 2015, para 10). Additionally, Ola does not provide environmental-friendly cars in India. In Singapore, it could consider running electric cars for reducing cost of fuel and maintenance. All the Ola cars can be painted in white and green as they are in India as it would give a brand identity in presence of hundred other cars (Olacabs.com 2016). The augmented product can be determined by the services offered and customer care. Ola can provide night services for the convenience of customers. The product packages can also exclusively offer airport pick-up and drop that would be beneficial for the customers who do not own a car or are visiting the country for a specific purpose. The customer care services shall be beneficial to the customers for handling their grievances or any other assistance (Oliver 2014, p 41). Pricing Strategy The pricing strategy for Ola can be defined using a combination of pricing structures. The pricing strategies are similar for the entire taxi industry. The services can be defined as three-part structures, base-fare, price per kilometre and price per minute. Alternatively, the pricing can also be defined as a fixed price for any trip within a particular area, price linear to mileage, differential pricing at different times of the day (Zeng Oren 2014, p 1135). The different cars offered by Ola carry different prices. The pricing can be varied ranging from economical to premium based on the cars hired by the commuters. The Micro shall be priced the least, Mini shall charge slightly higher prices but less than Prime, and Prime can charge premium prices. The availability and advantages offered shall vary depending on the prices offered by the cars (Zhang Ukkusuri 2016). The prices can be charged as base fare and additional charges based on distance or time travelled. For longer distances, Ola can charge based on distance covered while for shorter distance, prices can be charged per minute travelled by the commuter. Additionally, Ola can charge higher prices at peak hours as there is high demand of cabs while people are going or leaving from their offices. During heavy rainfall or circumstances where the cabs would be high in demand, surge pricing can be applied where the services can be availed by the people not looking to compromise on convenient travelling (Zhang Ukkusuri 2016). Place or Distribution Strategy Place or location plays a critical role in the taxi business. Ola must focus on busy streets such as corporate areas where there is heavy rush of people. Also, the taxis shall be lined up near airports and railway stations so that when a customer wishes to book a cab, Ola can be available at the quickest. If Ola does not make its presence visible at the busiest locations, the competitors such as Uber and GrabTaxi would be preferred by the travellers thereby losing market share. Ola must run its cabs across the city and halt at places where there is a high chance of people looking to book cabs (Wright Nelson 2014, pp. 147-161). Not only the busiest locations but the residential areas where women or kids have to commute and are looking for convenient travelling must be strategized by Ola. The niche market segments shall be covered by Ola as women have to regularly travel to supermarkets and carry the heavy packets home. Ola must be lined up near supermarkets so that the taxi services are instantly available for the ladies. Ola would only be available through digital channel and not the local hiring as it would not solve the problem of shortage for targeted market segment. Additionally, Ola can offer outstation services by taking its customers across town that is a unique strategy and different from its competitors (Rayle et al. 2016, p 169). Promotion Strategy A campaign can be designed with the slogan Taxi- Anytime! Anywhere! A combination of various media or channels can be applied for promoting Ola. The different elements such as advertising, sales promotion, sponsorship and direct marketing shall be beneficial in marketing Ola. Advertisement would be paid attracting a large mass of people through television, radio or newspapers. Other forms of advertisements such as web pages, brochures, billboards and direct mail can also be used. Press releases can be used to create positive publicity and influencing media outlets. Sponsoring major events shall help in attracting attention and increasing brand visibility (Shimp Shimp 2012). Another strategy is using direct marketing tools in which the targeted customers shall be influenced using telemarketing, emails, and customized letters and text messages. Ola can educate its customers about its various benefits and uses targeting women and the specified target group. Using sales promotion, Ola can offer free rides to the new users. Ola can encourage its customers to refer the service to their friends for which a code shall be provided. When the new users enter that code, they can be offered discounts or free rides. Contests can be conducted by Ola where the winners shall be given rewarded with special discount coupons. Additionally, the customers may also be upgraded with rides in times of non-peak hours where the premium cabs are available in the nearby areas of the users. For example, if the customer books an Ola Micro, he may be upgraded to Ola Mini or Ola Prime and would be charged for Ola Micro. This shall motivate the consumers in making repeated purchase (Aro kiasamy 2012, p 1-11). People Strategy People are the most important element as they enhance experience of the consumers. Ola must hire the right staff and train them efficiently. The people at Ola must be focused at five areas- Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy and Responsiveness. These elements play a critical role in customer satisfaction. The customer service representatives must be hired who are hold good communication skills. Additionally, the drivers hired to drive the Ola cabs must be experienced. They must be trained for being hospitable to the commuters. Personality development training must be given to the staffs so that the customers would be assured of high quality services. The customers make perceptions and judgments based on the interaction with the representatives of an organization (Huang Ford 2012, p 359). The Millennial heavily focus on efficient customer service. The drivers must be provided with training regarding usage of GPS, learning about routes in Singapore, confirming or rejecting a ride, knowledge of the famous tourist spots and overall in-depth knowledge. People act as the interface between the company and the customers. Induction shall help in introducing the organizational culture to the staffs. Training must be provided both on-the-job and off-the-job. The commuters may initiate a conversation with the cab drivers to know about the locality for which the driver must be knowledgeable and answer to customer queries. Customer interaction and service would add value and satisfy maximum consumers (Huang Ford 2012, p 359). Process Strategy Process is a critical element in which value is delivered. A number of processes can be adapted by Ola for adapting to the needs of its customers. The processes include both direct and indirect activities. The direct activities shall add value at customer interface through the services. The indirect activities are supported at the back office before, during and after the services are availed. When a customer books a cab, the server at the back office connects with the driver available at the nearby location. The details and pick up location are shared with the driver according to which he would reach the location and pick up customer (Taxi Singapore 2016). After entering destination, the driver shall travel to the destination. The customer shall select the payment mode through cash, wallet or card. The money is automatically paid in case of wallet and card. In case of cash payment, the amount is collected by the driver. The back-office shall then provide the drivers commission. The c ustomer can be given an option of feedback and rating at the end of his ride. The process must be efficient as it is the organizations main offering (Taxi Singapore 2016). The entire process shall be run through internet and online booking. The benefits of cost-saving and time- reduction can be availed. The entire system shall assist Ola in delivering the service. The customer and driver shall also be given each others contact number for communicating as required. The driver would assure in making the customer reach his destination point safely (Taxi Singapore 2016). Physical Evidence Strategy A few tools of the physical evidence in the marketing mix can be described using ambience, perceptions and the other factors that can be witnessed. The physical evidence can be analyzed by the place where service is being delivered. The cab arrival at the location would act as physical evidence. A few other tools that would change consumer perception are the condition of taxi. The taxis must be modern, air-conditioned and should have comfortable seats. These factors would affect the consumer perception just by looking at it or while experiencing it. After the ride is completed, the receipt would be flashed on the consumers smartphone. Additionally, an email can be sent for the records of consumer (Lovelock 2014). Conclusion It is concluded that Ola has a great opportunity in the Singapore market. The taxi industry is expected to rise more in Singapore. The above report focuses on product or service launch decisions. The differentiated targeting strategy can be followed. A combination of various market segments can be chosen to form one. Mainly, women are targeted for introducing service in Singapore. The busiest areas in Singapore such as corporate areas, residential and airport shall be targeted. The commuters shall enjoy convenient travelling and hassle-free payments, the drivers shall enjoy a larger pool of customers. Ola faces intense competition from the most popular taxi services in Singapore are Uber and GrabTaxi. Ola can make strategic commitments that would have a long-term impact and presence in the market. Licensing can be followed as an arrangement between Ola and Singaporean government to run its operations. Based on the target market for Singapore, Ola can offer different cars such as Ola Micro, Ola Mini, and Ola Prime. The pricing can be varied ranging from economical to premium based on the cars hired by the commuters. Ola must focus on busy streets such as corporate areas where there is heavy rush of people. Sponsoring major events shall help in attracting attention and increasing brand visibility. Induction shall help in introducing the organizational culture to the staffs. The taxis must be modern, air-conditioned and should have comfortable seats. 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